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Windows IoT (previously Windows Embedded): Initially, Microsoft developed Windows CE as a general-purpose operating system for every device that was too resource-limited to be called a full-fledged computer.

Windows PE: A lightweight version of its Windows sibling, meant to operate as a live operating system, used for installing Windows on bare-metal computers (especially on many computers at once), recovery or troubleshooting purposes.

Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category) The main competitor of this family is Linux. Unlike its client sibling, it has adopted a strong naming scheme. The latest version is Windows Server 2019.

Windows Server: The operating system for server computers.

Usage share of operating systems § Market share by category).

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The main competitor of this family is macOS by Apple for personal computers and Android for mobile devices (c.f.

Windows: The operating system for mainstream personal computers, tablets and smartphones.

It now consists of three operating system subfamilies that are released almost at the same time and share the same kernel:

Windows NT: Started as a family of operating systems with Windows NT 3.1, an operating system for server computers and workstations.

As of 2014, the following Windows families were being actively developed: Microsoft, the developer of Windows, has registered several trademarks, each of which denotes a family of Windows operating systems that target a specific sector of the computing industry.

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A specialized version of Windows also runs on the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S video game consoles. The most recent version for server computers is Windows Server 2022, version 21H2. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to that for end user use.Īs of May 2021, the most recent version of Windows for PCs, tablets and embedded devices is Windows 10, version 21H1. This comparison, however, may not be fully relevant, as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold.

However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android, because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones. On PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system in all countries.

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Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984.Īpple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone. Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact) (Windows CE). Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT these may encompass subfamilies, (e.g. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry.

Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft.

Windows 9x and earlier: Monolithic ( MS-DOS).

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